Original Article

Normal Values in Esophageal High-Resolution Manometry Performed Using 36-Channel Water-Perfused Catheter or Solid-State Catheter

Volume 36 · Issue 8 Publish Date: December 18, 2025
Anahita Sadeghı ORCID Sezgi Kıpcak ORCID Ali Senkaya ORCID Serhat Bor ORCID
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Published In

Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology

Volume 36 · Issue 8

Pages: 515-522

History

Published Online: December 18, 2025

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright © 2025 Anahita Sadeghı, Sezgi Kıpcak, Ali Senkaya, Serhat Bor

Anahita Sadeghı ORCID
Digestive Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sezgi Kıpcak ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, Türkiye
Ali Senkaya ORCID
Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Health İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
Serhat Bor ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, Türkiye
Sadeghı, A., Kıpcak, S., Senkaya, A., & Bor, S. (2025). Normal Values in Esophageal High-Resolution Manometry Performed Using 36-Channel Water-Perfused Catheter or Solid-State Catheter. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 36(8), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2025.24582
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Abstract

Background/Aims: Manometric measurements are crucial for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders. High-resolution manometry (HRM) studies mainly use 2 catheter systems: solid state (SS) and water perfused (WP), each with distinct advantages. This study aimed to establish normal values for esophageal manometry using both 36-channel WP and SS catheters in healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods: This study, conducted between January 2017 and September 2018, included 44 healthy volunteers with no
upper gastrointestinal symptoms or history of gastrointestinal surgery (except inguinal hernia repair or appendectomy). Participants gave written informed consent, abstained from medications and alcohol, and underwent normal endoscopy. They then had 2 consecu tive esophageal manometry sessions, 1 day apart, using a 36-channel SS-HRM catheter and a 36-channel WP-HRM catheter. All trac ings were analyzed using the Chicago classification version 3.0.

Results: Four participants were excluded due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Of the remaining 40 (age 37.4 ± 7.6, 62.5%
male), all underwent WP-HRM, and 34 underwent SS-HRM. In SS-HRM, 74 of 386 swallows were <450 mm Hg·s·cm; in WP-HRM, 151 of 441 swallows were <<450 mm Hg·s·cm. Thus, 4 of 34 volunteers (11.8%) in SS-HRM and 12 of 40 (30%) in WP-HRM had ≥50% swallows with DCI <450 mm Hg·s·cm. Median IRP4 was 17 (7-27) mm Hg in SS-HRM vs. 6 (0-18) mm Hg in WP-HRM. The 5th-95th percentile DCI was 183-2962 mm Hg·s·cm in SS-HRM vs. 65.5-1711.5 mm Hg·s·cm in WP-HRM.

Conclusion: This study compares normal values and differences in WP-HRM and SS-HRM among healthy Turkish volunteers, demon
strating differing diagnostic criteria and providing valuable reference data for future studies.

 

Cite this article as: Bor S, Sadeghı A, Kıpcak S, Senkaya A. Normal values in esophageal high-resolution manometry performed
using 36-channel water-perfused catheter or solid-state catheter. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2025;36(8):515-522.

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Article Info
Published In
Journal Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
Volume / Issue Volume 36 · Issue 8
Pages 515-522
DOI 10.5152/tjg.2025.24582
History
Published Online December 18, 2025
License
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright
Copyright (c) 2025 Anahita Sadeghı, Sezgi Kıpcak, Ali Senkaya, Serhat Bor
Affiliations
Anahita Sadeghı ORCID
Digestive Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sezgi Kıpcak ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, Türkiye
Ali Senkaya ORCID
Department of Gastroenterology, Ministry of Health İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
Serhat Bor ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, Türkiye
Cite this Article
Sadeghı, A., Kıpcak, S., Senkaya, A., & Bor, S. (2025). Normal Values in Esophageal High-Resolution Manometry Performed Using 36-Channel Water-Perfused Catheter or Solid-State Catheter. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 36(8), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2025.24582
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